翻译资格证书-沪江论坛社区--人事部翻译资格证书（英语笔译实务）三级


	翻译资格证书-沪江论坛社区--人事部翻译资格证书（英语笔译实务）三级等级：头衔： NCE专项主持人威望： 1 文章：513 沪元：19285 经验：6948 门派：英语学习者注册：2004-7-23 人事部翻译资格证书（英语笔译实务）三级本长贴囊括了各个单元的所有练习，答案和提示，凡标准答案都用蓝色标注。不准备坚持者、灌水者、三分钟热度者切勿骚扰本帖，谢谢！！等16个单元学完后还要返回再学一.二单元. 为了朋友找资料方便, 尽管我已经学过, 但还要重新学一遍. Unit Three Is more growth really better? 经济发展得越快越好吗? A number of writers have raised questions about the desirability of faster economic growth as an end in itself, at least in the wealthier industrialized counties. Yet faster growth does mean more wealth, and to most people the desirability of wealth is beyond question. "I've have been rich and I've been poor--and I can tell you, rich is better," a noted stage personality is said to have told an interviewer, and most people seem to have the same attitude about the economy as a whole. To those who hold this belief, a healthy economy is one that is capable of turning out vast quantities of shoes, food, cars, and TV sets. An economy whose capacity to provide all these things is not expanding is said to have succumbed to the disease of stagnation. 近年来，不少人或撰文或著书，已经提出质疑：为经济而发展经济，至少在较富裕的国家究竟有无必要？诚然，经济增长锝越快的确意味着更多的财富，而且大多数人都追求财富，这是毋庸置疑的。“富裕也罢，贫穷也罢，我都经历过。说实话，富裕当然胜过贫穷。”一位知名演员曾这样向采访者坦言。大多数人在整体上对经济似乎也持同样观点。他们认为，健康的经济必须能够生产出大批量的鞋子，食品，汽车和电视机。当某个经济体的这种产出能力不再扩大，人们就认为它遭遇了经济停滞。 Economists from Adam Smith to Karl Marx saw great virtue in economic growth. Marx argued that capitalism, at least in its earlier historical stages, was a vital form of economic organization by which society got out of the rut in which the medieval stage of history had trapped it. Marx believed that “the development of the productive powers of society…alone can form the real basis of a higher form of productive powers of society. Marx went on to tell us that only where such great productive powers have been unleashed one can have “ a society in which the full and free development of every individual forms the ruling principle”. In other words, only a wealthy economy can afford to give all individuals the opportunity for full personal satisfaction through the use of their special abilities in their jobs and through increased leisure activities. 从亚当.斯密到卡尔.马克思，许多经济学家都认识到经济增长的好处。马克思认为资本主义至少在其历史发展的初期确实是一种重要的经济组织形式，它使整个社会摆脱了中世纪的桎锆。马克思认为“单凭社会生产能力的发展这一点就能为社会生产能力的更高形式打下坚实基础，称为更高一级社会形式的根基。”马克思还告诉我们，只有当这种强大的生产能力获得解放之后，人们才能拥有“一个以个人的完全自由发展为指导原则的社会。” 换言之，只有富足的经济才能使每个社会成员通过在工作中各尽其才以及参加更多的休闲活动来使自我需求获得充分满足。 Yet the desirability of further economic growth for a society that is already wealthy has been questioned on grounds that undoubtedly have a good deal of validity. It is pointed out that the sheer increase in quantity of products has imposed an enormous cost on society in the form of pollution, crowding, proliferation of wastes that need disposal, and debilitating psychological and social effects. It is said that industry has transformed the satisfying and creative tasks of the artisan into the mechanical and dehumanizing routine of the assembly line. It has dotted our roadsides with junkyards, filled our air with smoke, and poisoned our food with dangerous chemicals. The question is whether the outpouring of frozen foods, talking dolls, radios, and headache remedies is worth its high cost to society. 然而对于一个已经非常富足的社会而言是否有必要再一味追求发展，人们对此的质疑，无疑是有充分说服力的。一味地追求产品数量的增长已经让社会付出了巨大的代价。比如环境污染，交通拥挤，需特殊处理废物的激增，以及由此造成的负面的心理及社会影响。人们认为，工业化的出现，已经把以往工匠们给人以享受的创造性工作，变成了流水线上毫无人性的机械化操作。它使街头堆满了垃圾，空气中弥漫着烟雾，食品中残留着有毒农药。问题在于，那些大量的冷冻食品，说话娃娃，收音机和止痛药能否弥补工业化给社会造成的巨大代价。 As one well-known economist put it: The continued pursuit of economic growth by Western Societies is more likely on balance to reduce rather than increase social welfare...Technological innovations may offer to add to men's material opportunitiess. But by increasing the risks of their obsolescence it adds also to their anxiety. Swifter means of communications have the paradoxical effect of isolating people; increased mobility has led to more hours commuting; increased automobilization to increased separation; more television to less communication. In consequence, people know less of their neighbors than ever before. 正如一位著名的经济学家所言：西方社会一味地追求经济发展，总体看来，非但没有优化人们的社会生活，相反有恶化趋势。科技创新也许给人们带来了物质上的满足，但是由于更新换代的速度太快，反而使人们倍感焦虑；通讯方式更加快捷了，人们却更加孤独了；社会流动性增强了，人们反而疲于奔命；汽车更加普及了，人们反而更加疏远了；看电视的时间多了，人们交流的机会少了。结果人们与周围邻居之间从来没有像现在这样陌生。 Virtually every economist agrees that these concerns are valid, though many question whether economic growth is their major cause. Nevertheless, they all emphasize that pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and the mechanization of the work process are very real and very serious problems. There is every reason for society to undertake programs that grapple with these problems. 几乎所有的经济学家都认为这种关注并非杞人忧天，尽管很多人并不认为经济的增长就是罪魁祸首。然而他们一致强调：水，空气和噪音污染，交通拥挤，机械性的工作等问题的确是很严重的现实问题。社会确实没有任何理由不尽一切努力解决好这些问题。 NOTES: on balance意为：权衡得失，综观全局 social welfare：良好的生活状态（a comfort state of social life, well being),这里不是退休金，医疗保险等具体的社会福利制度。 by increasing the risks of their obsolescence意为：通过增加科技创新遭淘汰的风险，在本句可引申理解为：由于更新换代的速度太快，反而使人们倍感焦虑。 Swifter means of communications have the paradoxical effect of isolating people; increased mobility has led to more hours commuting; increased automobilization to increased separation; more television to less communication. 本句大意为：通讯方式更加快捷，人们因此反而疏于联络，较之以前更加孤立；社会人口的流动性增加了，人们的工作区和生活区距离越来越远，于是往返于路途上的时间反而增加了；有车开车的人更多了，人们无需再和别人一起共享空间，相应的交流少了；电视节目丰富多彩，人们之间交谈的时间少了。翻译这类句子的时候特别要注意汉语句子的平衡与对称。 paradoxical effect: 适得其反，荒拗的结果。 have every reason to...意为：有一切理由（做）某事，语气比较强。此处可正话反说，译为：社会确实没有理由不尽一切努力解决好这些问题。 TEXT B Recently a new concept in global development has emerged: the Knowledge-based Economy(KBE). It represents a strategic new era that human beings are entering. It is estimated that more than 50 persent of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in the major developed economies is now knowledge-based. 近年来全球发展出现了一个新概念：“知识经济”。“知识经济”代表了人类正在和即将进入的一个全新战略发展时代。据估计，不少发达国家目前的国内生产总值中知识产品已占了一半以上。 So knowledge is becoming the most important source of growth as well as productivity. Information means competitive advantage, and knowledge leads to progress. The keys to the strong economic and cultural growth of a nation's future are successful generation, acquisition, diffusion, and exploitation of knowledge. 信息就是优势，知识就是发展。对知识与信息的开发、获取、扩散和利用程度的高低将直接决定一个国家的整体经济实力和文化发展水平。 As a formal concept, the KBE was first seen by the international society in the document entitled" The Knowledge-based Economy" issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris in 1996. OECD is a Paris-based inter-governmental organisation that has 29 member countries presently, including nearly all the developed economies in the world. “知识经济”作为一正式概念在国际范围内被提出，乃源于1996年经济合作与发展组织（OECD）在法国巴黎发表的“知识经济宣言”。经济合作与发展组织是一个多国政府间组织，总部设在巴黎，现有29个成员国，该组织推出“知识经济”的新概念，充分认识到知识、信息和科技在经济发展中所起到的领导作用，并致力于在科学技术和工业生产等领域探索如何“最好地运用”“知识经济”的工作上。 The KBE concept results from a fuller recognition by OECD of the new leading role of knowledge, information, and technology in economic growth. And it's also an OECD focal work in the field of science, technology and industry to help identifying " best practices" for the knowledge-based economy. 该组织推出“知识经济”的新概念，充分认识到知识，信息和科技在经济发展中所起到的领导作用，并致力于在科学技术和工业生产等领域探索如何“最好地运用“”知识经济“的工作上。 There are two major forces helping to shape the KBE. First, globalisation. Increasingly, economic activity is undertaken without reference to international borders. On this unprecedented huge platform of time and space, sufficient, accurate, on-time and comprehensive knowledge and information become the determinant of success. Second, the continuous upgrading of telecommunications and computers. This means the falling cost and rising efficiency in the transmission, retrieval and analysis of information, makes the massive generation and application of knowledge a reality. Knpwledge is being used pervasively in the overall economic system。知识经济“的形成主要有两大推动力：首先是人类经济行为的日益国际化、全球化。在这前所未有的时间与空间发展平台上，充分、准确、即使、全面地掌握运用知识和信息，成为制胜的决定性因素。其次是通讯电脑等科技手段不断的升级换代，令信息的传播，接受和分析过程的成本大大降低，效率成倍增加，使人类对知识与信息的大规模发掘运用成为现实。知识与信息正全面渗透到整个经济制度中去. 课后练习: 汉-英 1. 随着世界人口的迅猛增长，食物问题出现短缺；另外，环境污染问题更加激化。 In addition to food shortages, rapid population growth will increase the pollution of the environment. 2.有经济学家认为，不少公司将工作餐、广告和数据处理等内部事物外包（contract out）给服务公司，促使服务行业不断兴旺。 Some economists argue that the boom in services is caused mainly by firms contracting out jobs they used to do for themselves, such as catering, advertising and data-processing. 3. 服务行业，占全世界贸易总额的20％，美国出口总额的30％，称为国际贸易中发展最为迅猛的行业。 Services are the fastest-growing part of international trade, accounting for 20% of total world trade and 30% of American exports. 4. 美国工业生产的技术含量高，且拥有大量一流的工业设备，因此美国工人的劳动效率非常高，时薪也不菲。 Labor in the United States possesses a high skill level and works with large amounts of capital equipment. These factors contribute to the high productivity and the high hourly wages of American workers . 5. 人们身边都备有一些现钱，因为钞票的购买力随时可兑现，是应付不时之需的上策. Most people hold some of their wealth in the form of money because it provides readily available purchasing power for dealing with an uncertain future 6.通货膨胀致使货币的购买力下降，那些用货币储值的人们便惨遭经济损失。 During a time of inflation, the purchasing power of money will decline, imposing a cost on those who are holding wealth in the form of money. 7.把一个行业的市场局限在国家内部，只会导致该行业生产效率降低，成本增加。 To limit the market of an industry to one country would often mean reduced efficiency and higher costs. 8. 国际贸易能为各国提供国内无法生产、或者能够生产但供不应求的产品。 International trade enables a country to obtain products that cannot be produced at home at all or that cannot be produced in adequate quantities and at acceptable costs. 9.工业革命的特点是个体劳动者劳动内容的细化。 The Industrial Revolution was characterized by specialization of individuals in their work tasks. 10.上海人口中7.06％拥有学士学位，其城市整体受教育水平远远超出全国1.59％的平均水平。 7.06% of the total population of Shanghai have a bachelor's degree, making the educational level of the city well ahead of the national average of graduates per head of population which currently stands at 1.59%. 翻译技巧由于英汉两种语言在语法、词意、修辞、逻辑和文化等方面存在着某些差异，翻译时无法将原文中的每一个词转换成译入语中的另一个词，因而就有必要做些增减，使译文更加通顺流畅，符合译入语的行文习惯。增词法，即在译文中增加一些原文字面上没有的词语；减词法则是将原文需要而译文显得多余的词省去。无论增词还是减词，增减的是词，不是意。增词法与减词法在英汉互译中运用相当广泛，一般而言，增词和减词具有互逆性，既英译汉时需增词的场合汉译英时往往需要减词；反之，英译汉时需减词的场合汉译英时需增词。（一）语法增减词英汉在语法上存在某些明显的差异，如英语有冠词，汉语则没有；英语多用代词，汉语虽然也用，但远不如英语那样频繁，英语介词丰富，汉语介词很少，英语中很多需要介词的地方汉语要麽用动词代替，要麽不用；英语多用关联词语，汉语则少用关联词语，主要靠逻辑关系来铺排句子，强调意念的连贯性；汉语多用助词表示各种语气，英语则没有语气助词。因此，英译汉时，可根据具体预警省略原文的冠词和某些代词、介词、关联词等，有时则可增加一些语气助词；汉译英时则相反，多要省略原文的语气助词，而根据英语的行文需要适当增加一些冠词、代词、介词和关联词。例如： 1. The development of the productive powers of society... alone can form the real basis of a higher form of productive powers of society. 单凭社会生产能力的发展这一点就能为社会生产能力的更高形式打下坚实基础，称为更高一级社会形式的根基。（省略冠词） 2. 最简便的方法，是在美国开设分支办事处或者成立一个美国子公司，安排两三个中国雇员。 The simplest step is to set up a branch office or a U.S. subsidiary staffed by a small number of Chinese nationals. (增加冠词） 3.I’v been rich and I'v been poor--and I can tell you, rich is better. 富裕也罢，贫穷也罢，我都经历过。说实话，富裕当然剩过贫穷。（省略关联词和已出现过的作主语的人称代词） 4. 活到老，学到老。 One is never too old to learn.(增加人称代词） 5.In other words, only a wealthy economy can afford to give all individuals the opportunity for full personal satisfaction through the use of their special abilities in their jobs and through increased leisure activities. 换言之，只有富足的经济才能使每个成员的自我需求得到满足。这种满足体现在工作中施展才能或是在不断丰富的休闲活动中尽情放松。（省略物主代词） 6.In consequence, people know less of their neighbors than ever before. 结果人们与周围邻居之间从来没有像现在这样陌生。（省略介词） 7.该地区已没什麽城乡差别。 There is little difference between town and country in this region.（增加介词） 8.在美国做生意，尤其是一开始，中方不可避免地会有些损失。 Inevitably China will suffer some losses and reversals when doing business in the U.S., especially in the initial stages.(增加关联词） 9.Is more growth really better? 经济发展锝越快越好吗？（增加语气词）（二）词义增减词在很多情况下，英汉词汇的语义范围往往有宽窄之分，并非一一对应。如果英语词汇的语义范围比汉语宽，英译汉时要采用增词法，使原文隐含的意思得以充分表达。反之，如果英语词汇的语义范围比汉语窄，英译汉时则要采用减词法。例如： 1. It is pointed out that the sheer increase in quantity of products has imposed an enormous cost on society in the form of pollution, crowding, proliferation of wastes that need disposal, and debilitating psychological social effects. 一味地追求产品数量的增长已经让社会付出了巨大的代价。比如环境污染，交通拥挤，需特殊处理废物的激增，以及由此造成的负面的心理及社会影响。（增词法） 2. The only cure for envy in the case of ordinary men and women is happiness, and the difficulty is that envy is itself a terrible obstacle to happiness. 对于普通人而言，治疗嫉妒的唯一的方法是快乐，然而困难在于，嫉妒本身就是快乐的巨大障碍。（减词法）同样，当汉语词义比英语宽，汉译英时也要采用增词法；反之，当汉语词义比英语窄，汉译英时则要采用减词法。 1.其经营活动多限于市场调查，信息沟通和采购销售等。 Such an office's activities might be limited to market research, communication, sales and purchasing.（减词法） 2.看粮食，要看中国的农业，看农业，首先要看市场。 To have a better understanding of the food situation in China we must take a full view of her agriculture, and to knowthe agriculture we must first look at the food market.(增词法） 3.我们确定搞两个开放：一个是对内开放，一个是对外开放。 We have decided on an open policy in two repects: namely to open both within the nation and to the world.（增词法）英语中大量使用抽象名词，概括力强，此义范围宽；汉语则相对比较具体，常常以实的形式表示虚的观念，以具体的形象表达抽象的内容。因此，英译汉时，通常需要把抽象概念具体化，或添加表示某种范畴的名词，如：状况，情形，场面，性质，情感，问题，结果，方式，做法等。如： 1.After all preparations were made, the plane took off. 一切准备工作就绪以后，飞机就起飞了。 2.Nevertheless. they all emphasize taht pollution of air and water, noise and congestion, and the mechanization of the work process are very real and very serious problems. 然而他们一致强调：水，空气和噪音污染，交通拥挤，机械性的工作等问题的确是很严重的现实问题。 3. Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research. 与此同时，各学校正采取行动改变教学与科研之间不平衡的现状。。反之，汉译英时，则往往不考虑汉语中的这类范畴词，把整个名词词组译成英语中抽象名词即可，否则就有画蛇添足之嫌。如： 1.再次，若中方向现有美国公司投资，则可通过技术许可，设备出口，研发合作等方式，得到所需技术。 In addition, it a Chinese company invests in an existing U.S. company, the U.S.company might serve as a source of desirable technology for China, through licensing agreements, exports of equipment, and joint research and development arrangements. 2.她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况之后，主动伸出援助之手。 After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her an helping hand. 3. 前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。 "Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind"will not produce cadres. 课后练习: 汉-英 1. 时间一分钟一分钟过去，前面那团红雾更红更亮了。 As time goes by minute by minute, the rosy halos ahead grow redder and brighter. 2.听到这个消息，他一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了醋酸。 At this news the wine in his stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealousy. 3.但是，我却看到了一次最雄伟、最瑰丽的日出景象。 I have, however, seen a superbly majestic and beautiful sunrise . 4.姑娘有点不好意思了，脸上泛着红潮。 The girly blushed shyly. 5.匪军所至，杀害人民，奸淫妇女，毁灭村庄，掠夺财务，无所不用其极。 Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing. 6.教师给孩子们上的课，节奏要快，内容要有趣，因为这些孩子们是在看电视和玩电脑游戏的环境中长大的。 Teachers have to make lessons fast-moving and entertaining, for children are raised on television and computer games . 7.我们一定要逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距问题。 We can gradually bridge the gap between coastal and inland areas. 8.但是在表面平静的生活下面一直有一种不满和不安的情绪。 But there always was dissatisfied restlessness under the placid surface to life. 9.没有人可以否认，几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。 No one can deny that millions of small private enterprises have fuelled the nation's economy. 10.汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。 The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history. 汉-英: 贸易保护主义考验全球经济 World Economy Tested by Trade Protectionism 2000年全球共有反倾销案251起，略高于20世纪90年代232起的数字。但是，2001年，反倾销案件猛增到创记录的348起。这个统计数字表明贸易保护主义正在迅速蔓延，并日益称为国际贸易中一个严重的问题。 There were 251 anti-dumping cases put on file throught the world in 2000. a slightly higher number than the annual average of 232 cases throughout the 1990s. In the single year of 2001, however, the number suddenly rose to a record high of 348 indicating a rapid spread of trade protectionism, an increaseingly serious problem in world trade. 事实表明，一旦经济陷入衰退，贸易保护主义就会抬头。2002年3月20日，美国正式启动201条款，对进口钢材加征30％的进口关税，这就是贸易保护主义的最好例证。 Trade protectionism begins to prevail when economyic depression occurs. The best proof of this was the US Trade and Tariff Act's Section 201, which was made effective on March 20, 2002, and imposed a 30% ad valorem duty on imported steel. 美国钢铁业由于自身的结构问题，再加上本国经济萧条的打击，许多钢铁公司纷纷倒闭。出于政治上的原因，布什政府挥起了“钢铁大棒”，保护本国的钢铁业，引发了钢材出口国的强烈不满。 Due to structural problem in the domestic steel industry and the negative impact of economyic depression in the United States, many US steel producers went bankrupt. For political reasons, the Bush Administration began to rely on its "Steel Stick" to protect the domestic steel industry, a move strongly opposed by many steel-exporting countries. 美国是发起对外反倾销案最多的国家，其次是加拿大，印度和欧盟。而中国则是反倾销案最主要的打击目标之一。 The United States ranks first in taking anti-dumping cases against other countries, and is followed by Candan, India and the European Union. China is one of the main target countries of anti-dumping actions. 反倾销案调查最终经常会导致加征进口税，目的在于增加出口商的销售成本，保护本国产品的竞争力。虽然很多实施反倾销行动的国家宣称他们的行为是合法的，但是无可否认，反倾销案的根本目的是保护本国竞争力低下的生产者。 Andi-dumping investigations often end in an increase in duties, with the aim of raising exporters' sales costs to protect the competitiveness of domestic goods. Most countries allege validity in their anti-dumping actions. The ultimate purpose, however, is to protect domestic producers that are lesscompetitive. 美国的201条款还不同于普通的反倾销案、反补贴措施，它不要求调查出口国是否进行了不公平的贸易活动，只要求对国内相关行业是否因进口增加而受损进行调查即可。这种紧急保护措施较普通的反倾销案更随意，也更为严厉。 Section 201 differs from ordinary anti-dumping and an anti-subsidy measure in that is does not require an investigation into the alleged unfair trade activities by the exporting country. Instead it only require an investigation into whether the domestic industry is injured by the increase in inported goods. This protective measure taken in an urgent situation is more random and severe than ordinary anti-dumping actions . 结果，欧盟，日本，韩国等国都在世界贸易组织向美国提出起诉，并准备采取紧急保护措施。贸易战可能会从钢铁扩展到其他产业，而全球贸易的稳定性将经受新一轮的考验。 As a result, the Europe Union, Japan and Korea have brought accusations against the US to the WTO and are ready to take urgent protective measures. As it is likely that the trade war in the steel industry will spread to other industries, world trade stability will be subject to another round of trials and tribulations. 英-汉: The State of the Poor 贫困的国度 Keeping the intricacies and complexities out of the picture, let us take binary opposites of the rich and the poor in the global system. Although a division of the present-day world into rich, white, Christian, industrialized North, and non-industrialized South makes sense at the nation-state level, we need to go beyond that for the present discussion. Out of the 5.3 billion people in the world, some 3.4 billion live in the "Third World" countries and 80% of them live in about 2 million villages. As a whole, 77% of the world population are in low and middle-income countries; 51% are in Asia and the Pacific, 15% are in Africa and the Middle East, 7% live in Latin American and the Caribbean, and 4% live in Europe. 姑且把其中的错综复杂的问题放到一边，让我们先看看世界格局的贫富两极分化现象。虽然在民族和国家的层面上，我们把当今世界分为富裕，白种，信奉基督教，工业化的北方和未工业化的南方两大部分，也未尝不可，但是我们讨论这个问题却必须有更宽阔的视野。全世界有53亿人口，其中34亿生活在“第三世界”国家。这些人中80％分布在世界各地的200万个村落中。总体老说，世界人口的77%聚集在中低收入国家。其中51％在亚太地区，15％在非洲和中东。7％在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区，另外4％在欧洲。 The minority rich people, who are at the center of the present socio-economic-political power configurations and value system, possess most of the world's economic power, control most of the world's political affairs, and enjoy most of the world's opportunities. The majority poor, who are pushed to the periphery, have fewer resources; little political power and few opportunities. The affluent both in North and South religiously follow the Western Holy Trinity of "nation-statism, scientism, and developmentalism." They are unmindful of the fact that the majority of the world's people are not just left out in their scheme but ruthlessly abused by their insensitive development models, inhuman security paradigms, bankrupt percept and callous practices. 富裕的人口只占总人口的很小部分。他们处在社会政治、经济和权利结构的核心位置，也占据了价值系统的主导位置。这小部分人占有世界经济的主要力量，操控着世界政治，并且手握大部分发展潜机。贫穷的人仍占总人口的绝大部分。他们被排斥到世界的边缘，缺乏资源，基本上与政治权利和机会无缘。无论南方还是北方的有钱人们都驾信西方社会“国家至上，科学至上，发展至上”。而世界上生活着的大多数人被这个群体冷落在外，甚至还遭受到有钱人们盲目发展、非人道的安全模式、破产和恶性运作的负面影响。对于这一切，有钱人们熟视无赌，充耳不闻。以下是此书的目录内容提要本《教材》共分16个单元(unit)，每个单元由“范文分析”、“课后练习”、“翻译技巧”和“深化练习”四个部分组成。其中，“范文分析”包括英译汉和汉译英各一篇，每篇课文后都有详细讲解，并配有参考译文，这些课文以实践语料为依据，大都取材于体育与娱乐、旅游、政治、文化、教育、卫生、商务、工农业和科学等主题领域，力求使大家扩展视野，从范文分析中通过比较、寻找提高双语互译能力的突破口；“课后练习” 是针对两篇课文设置的，旨在考察大家对两篇课文的理解和掌握程度；“翻译技巧”是针对翻译中常用的且重要的技巧及易错的方面给予了详细讲解。使大家在翻译技巧的掌握和运用上能有一个质的提高；“深化练习”是检测大家对整个单元知识的掌握情况，深化练习的设置科学合理、紧扣单元知识，对大家自测具有重要的指导意义。目录 Unit One TEXT A：Maya:away from crowds TEXT B：西双版纳之行 Unit Two TEXT A：Ecotorism TEXT B：中国促进世界旅游业的发展 Unit Three TEXT A：Is More Growth Really Better？ TEXT B：知识经济 Unit Four TEXT A：Franchise Alternative TEXT B：投资美国 Unit Five TEXT A：The Voyages of Columbus TEXT B：中国近代史的开端 Unit Six TEXT A：Winning Respect TEXT B：中国与奥林匹克运动 Unit Seven TEXT A：Agriculture in Canada TEXT B：科技对农业的贡献 Unit Eight TEXT A：The Industrial Revolution in the United States TEXT B：圆了中国家庭的买车梦 Unit Nine TEXT A：The US-Europe Divide TEXT B：中国独立自主的和平外交政策 Unit Ten TEXT A：The Death（and Birth）of Europe TEXT B：中日利益交汇点何在？ Unit Eleven TEXT A：Healthcare Reform TEXT B：我国为9亿农民提供医疗保障 Unit Twelve TEXT A：The New Three Rs TEXT B：远程教育 Unit Thirteen TEXT A：Origins of Christmas TEXT B：1 春节 2 端午节 Unit Fourteen TEXT A：The threatened Environment TEXT B：我们污染了空气 Unit Fifteen TEXT A：Inside the Animal Mind TEXT B：载人飞船 Unit Sixteen TEXT A：Don't Blame DNA TEXT B：理性对待克隆人附录：参考答案 [此贴子已经被作者于2004-11-18 8:50:11编辑过] 2004-8-10 20:03:00 等级：头衔： NCE专项主持人威望： 1 文章：513 沪元：19285 经验：6948 门派：英语学习者注册：2004-7-23 该内容楼主才能浏览 2004-8-12 21:06:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 该内容楼主才能浏览 ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-13 16:26:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 该内容楼主才能浏览 ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-16 17:19:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 累死我了。不管译的怎么样，自己做的就好。希望Cy0723能坚持把帖子发下去。大家一起学习提高。 ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-16 17:25:00 等级：头衔： NCE专项主持人威望： 1 文章：513 沪元：19285 经验：6948 门派：英语学习者注册：2004-7-23 1. 时间一分钟一分钟过去，前面那团红雾更红更亮了。 Time pass one minute by minute, the red fog ahead became redder and brighter. 2.听到这个消息，他一肚皮的酒几乎全化成了醋酸。 At this news, the alcohol in his stomach almost were turned the vinegar. 3.但是，我却看到了一次最雄伟、最瑰丽的日出景象。 However I saw the most majestic and splendid sunrise. 4.姑娘有点不好意思了，脸上泛着红潮。 the girl was a little bit shy, with the red in face. 5.匪军所至，杀害人民，奸淫妇女，毁灭村庄，掠夺财务，无所不用其极。 Wherever the bandit went, they massacred the mass, raped women, destroied the village amd rapped the property, stopped nothing. 6.教师给孩子们上的课，节奏要快，内容要有趣，因为这些孩子们是在看电视和玩电脑游戏的环境中长大的。 Teachers have to make lesson in a fast-speed and entertaining, for these childrens are grown on television and computer games. 7.我们一定要逐步顺利解决沿海同内地贫富差距问题。 We must gragually settle with the gap of the povety and wealth between coastal and inland. 8.但是在表面平静的生活下面一直有一种不满和不安的情绪。 There are a dissatisfied and disturbed feeling under life of the quiet surface. 9.没有人可以否认，几百万的私人小企业大大地推动了国家的经济。 No one deny that millions of small private enterprise have greatly impeled nation's economy. 10.汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。 Chinese characters have ever played a invaluable role in our history. [此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-20 17:25:16编辑过] 2004-8-20 16:53:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 该内容楼主才能浏览 ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-20 16:57:00 等级：头衔： NCE专项主持人威望： 1 文章：513 沪元：19285 经验：6948 门派：英语学习者注册：2004-7-23 贸易保护主义考验全球经济 The trade peotectionism that trials the global economy 2000年全球共有反倾销案251起，略高于20世纪90年代232起的数字。但是，2001年，反倾销案件猛增到创记录的348起。这个统计数字表明贸易保护主义正在迅速蔓延，并日益成为国际贸易中一个严重的问题。 There were 251 case which opposing demping throughout the world in 2000. slightly risen than 232 case in 1990's. Opposing dumping case ,however, highly creased up to 348 recorded in 2001. This statistic number shows that trade protectionism is rapidly spread and increasingly become a serious problem of international trade. 事实表明，一旦经济陷入衰退，贸易保护主义就会抬头。2002年3月20日，美国正式启动201条款，对进口钢材加征30％的进口关税，这就是贸易保护主义的最好例证。 The fact shows that once economy get into a decline, trade protectionism will emerge. American formally launched 201 terms on imposing 30% of the impost. This is the best exemplification of the trade protectionism. 美国钢铁业由于自身的结构问题，再加上本国经济萧条的打击，许多钢铁公司纷纷倒闭。出于政治上的原因，布什政府挥起了“钢铁大棒”，保护本国的钢铁业，引发了钢材出口国的强烈不满。 Many steel company American wteel industry went bankrupt in succession because of American eteel industry's () problem itself and the blow which have ever suffered from their stagnant economy. Proceeding from polity, Bush brandished "steel flag" to protect their steel industry so that it brought steel export antion's outcry. 美国是发起对外反倾销案最多的国家，其次是加拿大，印度和欧盟。而中国则是反倾销案最主要的打击目标之一。 American is the most nation that launched opposing dumping case against others, followed by Canada, India and Europe alliance. And China is the most one of the aim. 接着来：反倾销案调查最终经常会导致加征进口税，目的在于增加出口商的销售成本，保护本国产品的竞争力。虽然很多实施反倾销行动的国家宣称他们的行为是合法的，但是无可否认，反倾销案的根本目的是保护本国竞争力低下的生产者。 The research of opposing dumping case will result in imposing customs which increase exporter's sale cost and protect native competition ability of the production. Although many nation that carry out opposing dumping alleged their activity is legal. But there is no denying that it aimed at protecting internal producer of low competition. 美国的201条款还不同于普通的反倾销案、反补贴措施，它不要求调查出口国是否进行了不公平的贸易活动，只要求对国内相关行业是否因进口增加而受损进行调查即可。这种紧急保护措施较普通的反倾销案更随意，也更为严厉。 American 201 terms also differ from general opposing dumping case and opposing allowance measure. It didn't requie to research if export nation had made unfair teade activity, but a research on whether internal correlative trade suffered. such a urgent protection measure is more free and rigorous than opposing dumping case. 结果，欧盟，日本，韩国等国都在世界贸易组织向美国提出起诉，并准备采取紧急保护措施。贸易战可能会从钢铁扩展到其他产业，而全球贸易的稳定性将经受新一轮的考验。 As a result, Europe alliance, Japan and Corea all ,and was ready to take [rotection measure. Trade fight probably extend from steel to other industry whease the stability of the globe trade will endure a new trial. [此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-21 21:36:44编辑过] 2004-8-21 11:51:00 等级：头衔： NCE专项主持人威望： 1 文章：513 沪元：19285 经验：6948 门派：英语学习者注册：2004-7-23 TEXT B (英译汉，先1/3) Recently a new concept in global development has emerged: the Knowledge-based Economy(KBE). It represents a strategic new era that human beings are entering. It is estimated that more than 50 persent of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in the major developed economies is now knowledge-based. 近年来全球发展出现了一个新概念：“知识经济”。“知识经济”代表了人类正在和即将进入的一个全新战略发展时代。据估计，不少发达国家目前的国内生产总值中知识产品已占了一半以上。 So knowledge is becoming the most important source of growth as well as productivity. Information means competitive advantage, and knowledge leads to progress. The keys to the strong economic and cultural growth of a nation's future are successful generation, acquisition, diffusion, and exploitation of knowledge. 信息就是优势，知识就是发展。对知识与信息的开发、获取、扩散和利用程度的高低将直接决定一个国家的整体经济实力和文化发展水平。 As a formal concept, the KBE was first seen by the international society in the document entitled" The Knowledge-based Economy" issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris in 1996. OECD is a Paris-based inter-governmental organisation that has 29 member countries presently, including nearly all the developed economies in the world. “知识经济”作为一正式概念在国际范围内被提出，乃源于1996年经济合作与发展组织（OECD）在法国巴黎发表的“知识经济宣言”。经济合作与发展组织是一个多国政府间组织，总部设在巴黎，现有29个成员国，该组织推出“知识经济”的新概念，充分认识到知识、信息和科技在经济发展中所起到的领导作用，并致力于在科学技术和工业生产等领域探索如何“最好地运用”“知识经济”的工作上。 The KBE concept results from a fuller recognition by OECD of the new leading role of knowledge, information, and technology in economic growth. And it's also an OECD focal work in the field of science, technology and industry to help identifying " best practices" for the knowledge-based economy. 该组织推出“知识经济”的新概念，充分认识到知识，信息和科技在经济发展中所起到的领导作用，并致力于在科学技术和工业生产等领域探索如何“最好地运用“”知识经济“的工作上。 There are two major forces helping to shape the KBE. First, globalisation. Increasingly, economic activity is undertaken without reference to international borders. On this unprecedented huge platform of time and space, sufficient, accurate, on-time and comprehensive knowledge and information become the determinant of success. Second, the continuous upgrading of telecommunications and computers. This means the falling cost and rising efficiency in the transmission, retrieval and analysis of information, makes the massive generation and application of knowledge a reality. Knpwledge is being used pervasively in the overall economic system。知识经济“的形成主要有两大推动力：首先是人类经济行为的日益国际化、全球化。在这前所未有的时间与空间发展平台上，充分、准确、即使、全面地掌握运用知识和信息，成为制胜的决定性因素。其次是通讯电脑等科技手段不断的升级换代，令信息的传播，接受和分析过程的成本大大降低，效率成倍增加，使人类对知识与信息的大规模发掘运用成为现实。知识与信息正全面渗透到整个经济制度中去。 The KBE has two main characteristics. First, in the KBE, the ability to generate and use knowledge to innovate is not only a determinant of wealth, it is also the basis of competitive advantage. Indiviuals, sectors, and industries who are successful will be those who innovate, develop new ideas, employ new technology, manufacture new products and deliver new services. The fact that the US has enjoyed high economic growth all these years proves this point: those high-technology and knowledge-based industries such as computers, electronics, telecommunications and aerospace are now the driving forces of the country's economy. Second, since the trend towards the KBE is irrecersible, it also brings with it formidable adjustment challenges with implications for firms, individuals, educational institutions and governments. These adjustment challenges may happen in the aspects of organisational structure, management, employment, investment, training, policies and regulations. The goal is to smoothly transform the current "post-industrial economy' into the future' knowledge-based economy". It needs to be emphasized that KBE is nothing far removed from ordinary people and life. The KBE regards human resources as a key source of development, simply because knowledge is imbedded in people, and human beings are the creators of knowledge. The KBE believes that knowledge and information should not be controlled by the "elite" minority, rather, the future of the world is premised on the knowledge and information-based behavious of the ordinary people. Thus the KBE wholeheartedly promotes the human learning spirit and behaviours, favours those workers with higher skills and educational qualifications, and requires continuous upgrading and broadening of skills and knowledge. As for firms and organisations. the KBE is pushing them to change from static productive units into dynamic learning organisations. The mainstream of the corporate culture therefore becomes learning and innovation, allowing new ideas, new knowledge, and new technology as the lifeblood for full0scale development. The first promising step towards the KBE can be made if one is able to effectively develop a vision of the future, exploit one's self-potential, stay open-minded, never stop absorbing new knowledge and apply it in the areas of science and technology. 气4了，我发现这整个大段的答案都不对头，对了一下答案，这一段跟那一段的内容全都混了，编书的不知怎麽搞的，大家不要再做了，越做越糊涂。 [此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-30 17:13:34编辑过] 2004-8-23 10:15:00 等级：头衔： NCE专项主持人威望： 1 文章：513 沪元：19285 经验：6948 门派：英语学习者注册：2004-7-23 Recently a new concept in global development has emerged: the Knowledge-based Economy(KBE). It represents a strategic new era that human beings are entering. It is estimated that more than 50 persent of Gross Domestic Product(GDP) in the major developed economies is now knowledge-based. 最近出现了一个全球发展的新观念：知识经济。它代表人类在经济策略上正进入一个新纪元。据估计在主要发展的经济里，50%以上的国产品都是以知识经济为指导方针的。 So knowledge is becoming the most important source of growth as well as productivity. Information means competitive advantage, and knowledge leads to progress. The keys to the strong economic and cultural growth of a nation's future are successful generation, acquisition, diffusion, and exploitation of knowledge. 因此知识是推动经济增长的重要资源，也是生产率提高的根本。信息意味着竞争优势，而知识引导进步。强大的经济和一个国家将来文化提升的关键是成功的对知识的更新衍生，获取，传播和开发。 As a formal concept, the KBE was first seen by the international society in the document entitled" The Knowledge-based Economy" issued by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris in 1996. 作为一个正式理论观念，KBE首先由题名为知识经济的国际社会发现，知识经济这一观念1996年由巴黎的一个叫经济合作和发展的组织提出。 OECD is a Paris-based inter-governmental organisation that has 29 member countries presently, including nearly all the developed economies in the world. OCED是巴黎的一个现在拥有29个成员国的政府间的组织，几乎包括世界上所有的发展的经济。 2004-8-23 10:49:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 该内容楼主才能浏览 ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-23 16:23:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 我在一本翻译书上看到的错误辨析，notinGOGO自己译这句的时候也犯了类似的错误。贴出来给大家看看，希望对大家有所帮助。 10.汉字在历史上有过不可磨灭的功绩。 [误译]Chinese characters have made indelible contribution in the past history. [正译]The system of Chinese characters has played an invaluable role in our history [评析] Chinese characters 与 made contribution 一起使用有拟人化的倾向。英语中没有这种表达习惯。用system 总括Chinese characters 并改变说法，使英译文地道自然。中国试英语的其中一个标志是大量使用拟人化手法。中文的拟人化程度较高，拟人化现象在汉语中常见，就是非人物性名词词组常可充当主语和行为发出者。在英语中，多数情况下，被视为是修辞上的一种病句。因此在汉英翻译中要注意这个区别，英译时应注意将其转换为人物性的名词或与人类活动有密切关系的团体组织，以免受汉语影响而出现误译。例：宗教不能干涉政治。 [误译]Religion must not interfere with politics. [正译]It is impermissible to interefere with politics in the name of religion. ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-23 16:28:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 近来出现了一种全球发展的新理念：知识经济（KBE）。它标志着人类进入了一个新战略纪元。据估计，现在世界上主要发达国家超过50%的国内生产总值都以知识作为支撑。所以，知识就成为生产发展和生产力壮大的最重要动力。掌握信息就是掌握了竞争中的优势，而有了知识就可以飞速发展。国家未来的经济腾飞和文化发展的关键是一代又一代人对知识获取，传播和探索。知识经济做为一个正式概念，第一次受世人瞩目是在1996年，由位于法国巴黎的经济合作与发展组织（OECD）所发行的一份题为《知识经济》的文献中。OECD是一个政府间组织，几乎包括了全球所有发达国家，现有29个成员国。 [此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-24 15:08:22编辑过] ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-24 15:00:00 等级：头衔：再重逢,要把握文章：2340 沪元：23321 经验：16303 门派：欲望城市族注册：2003-9-3 搞笑，这里好像成了我们三个人专用的了。Cy0723真是辛苦你啦，要把大段的文章贴上来。casper开学的话也要记得常来做题啊。向两位MM学习，致敬！ ---------------------------------------------- 天涯路长，我一路行来，脚步蹒跚。得失之间，终于学会了喜乐随缘 2004-8-24 15:33:00 等级：头衔： NCE专项主持人威望： 1 文章：513 沪元：19285 经验：6948 门派：英语学习者注册：2004-7-23 Keeping the intricacies and complexities out of the picture, let us take binary opposites of the rich and the poor in the global system. 放错综复杂在图画之外，让我们在全球体系上采取对贫富的双重对立的态度。 Although a division of the present-day world into rich, white, Christian, non-industrialized North, and non-industrialized South makes sense at the nation-state level, we need to go beyond that for the present discussion. 尽管当今世界划分成富人，白人，基督教徒，非北方工业和非南方工业，并称它们是单一民族国家，但我们今天的讨论需要超出这些话题。 Out of the 5.3 billion people in the world, some 3.4 billion live in the "Third World" countries and 80% of them live in about 2 million villages. 除了世界上53亿人外，34亿人居住在第三世界国家，他们的80％居住在大约2百万个乡村里。 As a whole, 77% of the world population are in low and middle-income countries; 51% are in Asia and the Pacific, 15% are in Africa and the Middle East, 7% live in Latin American and the Caribbean, and 4% live in Europe. 总体上，世界人口的77％是中底收入国家。他们的51％居住在亚洲和太平洋地区，15％在非洲和中东，7％在拉丁美洲和加勒比海，4％在欧洲。 The minority rich people, who are at the center of the present socio-economic-political power configurations and value system, possess most of the world's economic power, control most of the world's political affairs, and enjoy most of the world's opportunities. 少数富裕之人，居住在经济和政治集权和价值体系中心，拥有主要的世界经济力量，控制着多多数的世界政治事务，享用着大多数优先机会。 The majority poor, who are pushed to the periphery, have fewer resources; little political power and few opportunities. The affluent both in North and South religiously follow the Western Holy Trinity of "nation-statism, scientism, and developmentalism." 多数被推向周边的贫穷之人，拥有很小的政治集权和可怜的机会。南北方富裕之人虔诚地追随着国家集权，科学至上，和发展的西方基督教。 They are unmindful of the fact that the majority of the world's people are not just left out in their scheme but ruthlessly abused by their insensitive development models, inhuman security paradigms, bankrupt percept and callous practices. 他们不留意， 2004-8-25 17:39:00 相关主题：翻译资格证书英语专业考研北京自考英语专业考研英语

翻译资格证书-沪江论坛社区--人事部 翻译资格证书 （英语笔译实务）三级

翻译资格证书-沪江论坛社区--人事部翻译资格证书（英语笔译实务）三级